Ron Brandl completed his studies in electrical engineering in 2010 and received his doctorate in engineering from the University of Kassel in 2018. The IM was validated satisfactorily with RTS and a protection device (with unknown pinouts) in the loop.ĭr. The sequence to recognize IED pinouts and calculate the current/voltage scaling factors is described. In this paper, the IM was based on using an interface box, power source, and RTS to identify IED inputs/outputs. Then, the validation of protection and control systems with RTSs and IEDs in the loop from different vendors without amplifiers results in an unfeasible alternative. Additionally, commercial amplifiers have cutoff frequency limitations and have an excessive cost when several IEDs are wired onto test beds. Most of the emulation test beds with RTSs and HIL need amplifiers to connect IEDs from different product manufacturers because the low-voltage interface levels are not available in some instruction manuals. These protection devices have pinouts that measure bus voltages/currents and breaker pole states and generate trip/close pulse signals.

It is a significant topic for the power systems protection community because there are many protection devices with different requirements.

This study presents an interface method (IM) to interconnect real-time simulators (RTSs) without amplifiers for different intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), such as protective relays, smart meters, and other devices.

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